Review VATI PN Comprehensive Predictor 2020 (2024)

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VATI PN Comprehensive Predictor 2020

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Question 1:

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with the parents of a newborn who had a circumcision. Which of the following client statements indicates understanding of the teaching?

A. "I will keep the penis clean of yellow exudate." B. "I will apply petroleum jelly to the penis with each diaper change." C. "I will make sure my baby's diaper fits snugly." D. "I will use soap to wash the penis until it heals."

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

It is incorrect to focus on removing all yellow exudate.A small amount of yellow exudate is normal during the healing process after circumcision.Attempting to aggressively clean it off can irritate the delicate healing tissues and cause discomfort for the baby.
Instead,parents should gently cleanse the area with warm water during diaper changes,allowing any mild exudate to naturally drain.

Choice B:

Applying petroleum jelly with each diaper change is an essential step in promoting healing and preventing discomfort after circumcision.Here's why:
- Protects against moisture:Petroleum jelly forms a barrier that protects the delicate healing tissues from moisture from urine and feces.This helps to prevent irritation and keeps the area clean.
- Reduces friction:The lubricating properties of petroleum jelly reduce friction between the penis and the diaper,which can minimize discomfort and pain for the baby.
- Promotes healing:Petroleum jelly creates a moist environment that promotes healing and reduces scab formation.This helps the circumcision site to heal faster and more comfortably.

Choice C:

While ensuring a proper diaper fit is important for overall hygiene,it's not the most crucial aspect of post-circumcision care.A snug diaper can put unnecessary pressure on the healing penis,potentially causing irritation and discomfort.It's generally recommended to choose a diaper that fits comfortably without being too tight.

Choice D:

Using soap to wash the penis is not recommended during the healing process.Soap can be harsh and drying to the delicate tissues,potentially causing irritation and delaying healing.
Warm water is sufficient for cleansing the area during diaper changes.

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Question 2:

A nurse is assessing the visual acuity of a client who wears glasses using a Snellen chart. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

A. Position the client 3 meters (10 feet) away from the chart B. Document the largest line the client can read on the chart C. Instruct the client to begin the assessment with both eyes open D. Begin by testing the client while they are wearing glasses

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

The client should be positioned 20 feet away from the chart, not 3 meters (10 feet)

Choice B:

The nurse should document the smallest line the client can read accurately on the chart, not the largest line

Choice C:

The nurse should instruct the client to begin the assessment by covering one eye and reading aloud the leters on the chart, beginning at the top and moving toward the botom

Choice D:

To test visual acuity using a Snellen chart, the nurse should have the patient wear glasses or contact lenses if they normally wear them . The patient should stand 20 feet from the chart . The nurse should tell the patient to first cover the right eye, then left eye, and lastly read the chart with both eyes

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Question 3:

A nurse is providing postmortem care for a client prior to the family viewing the body. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

A. Raise the head of the client's bed to 30 degrees. B. Cleanse the client's body while wearing sterile gloves C. Remove the client's dentures and close their mouth D. Apply surgical tape to the client's eyes

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

After a patient dies, postmortem care includes preparing them for family viewing . The nurse should place the body in the supine position, with the arms at the sides and the head on a pillow. Then elevate the head of the bed 30 degrees to prevent discoloration from blood setling in the face .

Choice B:

The nurse should cleanse the client's body while wearing appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) based on indications for isolation precautions, not necessarily sterile gloves .

Choice C:

If the patient wore dentures and your facility’s policy permits, gently insert them; then close the mouth

Choice D:

The nurse should close the eyes by gently pressing on the lids with their fingertips. If they don’t stay closed, place moist coton balls on the eyelids for a few minutes, and then try again to close them. Surgical tape is not mentioned as necessary

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Question 4:

A nurse is caring for a client who has a chronic illness. In which phase of the therapeutic relationship should

the nurse help the client develop problem-solving skills?

A. Preinteraction phase B. Working phase C. Orientation phase D. Termination phase

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

The preinteraction phase starts when the nurse is given the responsibility to start a therapeutic relationship with a patient

Choice B:

The therapeutic relationship can be described in terms of four sequential phases: preinteraction phase, introduction/orientation phase, working phase, and termination phase . In the working phase, most of the therapeutic interventional activities are carried out . This is the phase where the nurse should help the client develop problem-solving skills.

Choice D:

The termination phase is the final stage of the nurse-client relationship

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Question 5:

A nurse is providing postmortem care for a client prior to the family viewing the body. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

A. Raise the head of the client's bed to 30 degrees. B. Cleanse the client's body while wearing sterile gloves. C. Remove the client's dentures and close their mouth D. Apply surgical tape to the client's eyes

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Choice B:

The nurse should cleanse the client's body while wearing appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) based on indications for isolation precautions, not necessarily sterile gloves

Choice C:

If the patient wore dentures and your facility’s policy permits, gently insert them; then close the mouth

Choice D:

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Question 6:

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a parent about appropriate snacks for a toddler. Which of the following foods should the nurse include?

A. Marshmallows B. Graham crackers C. Almonds D. Carrot sticks

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Marshmallows are not recommended as a healthy snack for toddlers

Choice B:

Graham crackers are a good snack option for toddlers . They are easy to eat and can be paired with other healthy foods such as fruit or nut buter.

Choice C:

Almonds are not recommended for toddlers due to their choking hazard

Choice D:

Carrot sticks can be a healthy snack option for toddlers, but they should be cut into thin strips to reduce the risk of choking

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Question 7:

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client diagnosed with osteoarthritis who reports joint pain, swelling, and stiﬀness. Which of the following client statements indicates understanding of the teaching?

A. "I will sleep on a soft matress." B. "I will apply a heating pad to make my hands feel beter." C. "I will take aspirin on an empty stomach." D. "I will exercise my joints as much as I can when they are inﬂamed."

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Sleeping on a soft matress is not mentioned as a way to manage osteoarthritis symptoms

Choice B:

Applying heat to the aﬀected joints can help relieve pain and stiﬀness . A heating pad or warm compress can be used to apply heat to the hands.

Choice C:

Aspirin should be taken with food or milk to reduce stomach irritation

Choice D:

Exercising inﬂamed joints excessively can worsen symptoms. It is important to balance rest and activity

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Question 8:

A. "I will sleep on a soft mattress." B. "I will apply a heating pad to make my hands feel better." C. "I will take aspirin on an empty stomach." D. "I will exercise my joints as much as I can when they are inﬂamed."

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Sleeping on a soft mattress is not mentioned as a way to manage osteoarthritis symptoms.

Choice B:

Applying heat to the aﬀected joints can help relieve pain and stiﬀness ¹. A heating pad or warm compress can be used to apply heat to the hands.

Choice C:

Aspirin should be taken with food or milk to reduce stomach irritation

Choice D:

Exercising inﬂamed joints excessively can worsen symptoms. It is important to balance rest and activity

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Question 9:

A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching with an older adult client's family about safety precautions when administering a tap water enema to the client. Which of the following should the nurse include in the instructions?

A. Instruct the client to bear down during rectal tube insertion. B. Administer a second enema if results are not clear. C. Assist the client to a right Sims' position D. Insert the rectal tube in the direction of the client's umbilicus.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

The client should not bear down during rectal tube insertion

Choice B:

Administering a second enema if results are not clear is not mentioned as a safety precaution

Choice C:

When administering a tap water enema, the client should be assisted to a right Sims position. This position involves lying on the left side with the right knee bent toward the chest.

Choice D:

The rectal tube should be inserted in the direction of the sacrum, not the umbilicus

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Question 10:

A nurse is collecting health history data from a client who has hemorrhoids. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

A. Chronic constipation B. Excessive ﬂatulence C. Frequent stools D. Fecal incontinence

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Chronic constipation is a common finding in clients with hemorrhoids. Constipation can increase pressure on the veins in the rectum and anus, leading to the development of hemorrhoids.

Choice B:

Excessive ﬂatulence is not mentioned as a common finding in clients with hemorrhoids.

Choice C:

Frequent stools are not mentioned as a common finding in clients with hemorrhoids

Choice D:

Fecal incontinence is not mentioned as a common finding in clients with hemorrhoids.

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Question 11:

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving mechanical ventilation via an endotracheal tube. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

A. Monitor the client's vital signs every 8 hours B. Reposition the endotracheal tube every 12 hours. C. Place the client in a supine position. D. Perform oral care every 2 hours

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Monitoring the client's vital signs is important, but it should be done more frequently than every 8 hours.

Choice B:

Repositioning the endotracheal tube is not necessary unless there is a specific indication.

Choice C:

Placing the client in a supine position is not recommended as it increases the risk of aspiration.

Choice D:

Performing oral care every 2 hours is an important nursing intervention for a client receiving mechanical ventilation via an endotracheal tube. This helps to reduce the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia.

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Question 12:

A nurse is caring for a client who has major depressive disorder and is refusing their medication. The client's family suggests placing the client's medication in their food. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

A. Schedule the medication at meal times. B. Request the family talk to the provider about administering the medication by injection. C. Inform the family that the client has the right not to take the medication. D. Ask the family what foods the client likes.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Scheduling the medication at meal times does not address the issue of the client refusing their medication.

Choice B:

Requesting that the family talk to the provider about administering the medication by injection may be an option, but it does not address the issue of informed consent.

Choice C:

The nurse should inform the family that the client has the right to refuse medication. It is important to respect the client's autonomy and right to make decisions about their own care.

Choice D:

Asking the family what foods the client likes does not address the issue of informed consent and could be seen as a way to deceive the client into taking their medication.

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Question 13:

A nurse in a mental health unit asks a client who has schizophrenia, "How are you?" Which of the following responses should the nurse identify as the speech alteration of echolalia?

A. "I am lovistrated." B. "Super, trooper, and duper." C. "How are you?" D. "Pink spots in Africa."

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

"I am lovistrated" is an example of neologism, which is the creation of new words.

Choice B:

"Super, trooper, and duper" is an example of clang association, which is the use of words that sound alike but have no logical connection

Choice C:

Echolalia is the repetition of words or phrases spoken by others. In this case, the client is repeating the nurse's question, "How are you?" This is an example of echolalia.

Choice D:

"Pink spots in Africa" is an example of a thought disorder, which is a disruption in the organization and expression of thoughts.

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Question 14:

A nurse is caring for an adolescent who has an allergy to penicillin. Which of the following prescriptions should the nurse clarify with the provider?

A. Doxycycline B. b)Vibranycin C. Cefazolin D. Gentamicin

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Doxycycline(which is another name for doxycycline) is tetracycline antibiotics and is not related to penicillin.

Choice B:

Vibramycin (which is another name for doxycycline) is tetracycline antibiotics and is not related to penicillin.

Choice C:

The nurse should clarify the prescription for cefazolin with the provider. Cefazolin is a cephalosporin antibiotic, and there is a risk of cross-reactivity in individuals who have an allergy to penicillin

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Question 15:

A nurse is reviewing the medication record of a client who has a new prescription for ﬂuoxetine. Which of the following medications should the nurse expect the provider to discontinue 2 weeks before starting ﬂuoxetine treatment?

A. Levothyroxine B. Acetaminophen C. Simvastatin D. Phenelzine

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Levothyroxine is a thyroid hormone replacement medication and does not interact with ﬂuoxetine.

Choice B:

Acetaminophen is a pain reliever and does not interact with ﬂuoxetine.

Choice C:

Simvastatin is a cholesterol- lowering medication and does not interact with ﬂuoxetine.

Choice D:

The nurse should expect the provider to discontinue phenelzine 2 weeks before starting ﬂuoxetine treatment. Phenelzine is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) and should not be taken with ﬂuoxetine, which is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). Taking these two medications together can cause a dangerous drug interaction known as serotonin syndrome.

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Question 16:

A nurse is caring for a client who is breastfeeding their 5-day-old newborn. Which of the following should the nurse identify as an indication that the newborn is breastfeeding eﬀectively?

A. Falls asleep 5 minutes after starting a feeding B. Has 3 wet diapers each day. C. Has a bowel movement every other day. D. Makes audible swallowing sounds.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Falling asleep 5 minutes after starting a feeding may indicate that the newborn is not getting enough milk.

Choice B:

Having 3 wet diapers each day is not enough for a 5-day-old newborn. A newborn should have at least 6 wet diapers per day.

Choice C:

Having a bowel movement every other day is not an indication of eﬀective breastfeeding. A breastfed newborn should have at least 3 bowel movements per day.

Choice D:

The nurse should identify that the newborn is making audible swallowing sounds as an indication that they are breastfeeding eﬀectively. This indicates that the newborn is able to latch on to the breast and transfer milk eﬀectively.

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Question 17:

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a group of expectant parents regarding the proper use of a car seat. Which of the following statements by a parent indicates an understanding of the teaching?

A. "I will secure the seatbelt across my newborn's lap." B. "I can move my child to a booster seat when she weighs 20 pounds." C. "I will turn the car seat forward-facing when my child is 10 months old." D. "I can place a rolled towel on each side of my newborn's head until he can hold his head up."

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Securing the seatbelt across the newborn's lap is not safe. The seatbelt should be positioned across the newborn's chest and over their hips.

Choice B:

Moving a child to a booster seat when they weigh 20 pounds is not safe. Children should remain in a rear-facing car seat until they are at least 2 years old or until they reach the highest weight or height allowed by the car seat's manufacturer.

Choice C:

Turning the car seat forward-facing when the child is 10 months old is not safe. Children should remain in a rear-facing car seat until they are at least 2 years old or until they reach the highest weight or height allowed by the car seat's manufacturer.

Choice D:

The statement by the parent that they can place a rolled towel on each side of their newborn's head until he can hold his head up indicates an understanding of the teaching. This is a safe and appropriate way to provide support for the newborn's head while in a car seat.

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Question 18:

A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching with a client who had an above-the-knee amputation and has a prosthesis. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

A. "Keep initial pressure dressing in place for 1 week after surgery." B. "Leave the prosthesis in place when going to bed." C. "Avoid extension of the hips when lying down." D. "Clean the prosthesis using a damp, soapy cloth."

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

"Keep initial pressure dressing in place for 1 week after surgery." After an above-the-knee amputation, the initial pressure dressing is typically removed within the first few days after surgery, and the wound is then managed with appropriate dressings. The specific duration of dressing use may vary based on the surgeon's preference and the healing progress of the wound.

Choice B:

The nurse should instruct the client to leave the prosthesis in place when going to bed. This is because some individuals may need to wear their prosthesis during sleep to maintain body alignment, prevent contractures, and promote independence. However, it is important to note that this instruction may vary depending on the individual's specific situation and the recommendation of their healthcare provider.

Choice C:

"Avoid extension of the hips when lying down." While maintaining proper body positioning and avoiding excessive hip extension is important for individuals with an above-the-knee amputation, this instruction does not specifically address the use of a prosthesis.

Choice D:

"Clean the prosthesis using a damp, soapy cloth." Cleaning the prosthesis using a damp, soapy cloth can be a part of routine prosthesis maintenance, but it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and any specific guidelines provided by the prosthetist or healthcare provider. The cleaning method may vary depending on the type of prosthesis and materials used.

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Question 19:

A nurse is caring for a client who is near death. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

A. Administer scheduled pain medications B. Provide oral care every 6 hours. C. c)Administer liquids using a syringe. D. Whisper when talking to family members.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

The nurse should administer scheduled pain medications to a client who is near death. This is an important nursing intervention to ensure that the client is comfortable and free from pain.

Choice B:

Providing oral care every 6 hours is important, but it may not be the highest priority for a client who is near death.

Choice C:

Administering liquids using a syringe may not be necessary or appropriate for a client who is near death.

Choice D:

Whispering when talking to family members is not necessary. The nurse should communicate openly and honestly with the family members.

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Question 20:

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with the guardian of a preschooler who has a new diagnosis of enterobiasis.Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?

A. a."One dose of medication is all that will be necessary." B. "Everyone who lives in the home will need medication." C. "Allow the child to take tub baths instead of showers." D. "Wash all clothes and bed linens in cold water."

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

"One dose of medication is all that will be necessary." Enterobiasis is typically treated with a medication regimen that involves taking multiple doses over a period of time. This is to ensure that all stages of the pinworm life cycle are targeted and eradicated. A single dose is usually not sufficient to eliminate the infection completely

Choice B:

The nurse should inform the guardian that everyone who lives in the home will need medication when reinforcing teaching about enterobiasis. Enterobiasis, also known as pinworm infection, is highly contagious, and it can easily spread from person to person within the household. Treating only the aﬀected individual may not be sufficient to eliminate the infection completely, as other household members may also be infected or at risk of reinfection.

Choice C:

"Allow the child to take tub baths instead of showers." The choice of tub baths or showers does not directly impact the treatment or prevention of enterobiasis. Both methods of bathing can be used, but it is important to maintain good hygiene practices, such as regular handwashing and proper cleaning of the perianal area, to reduce the risk of reinfection

Choice D:

"Wash all clothes and bed linens in cold water." While proper hygiene practices and laundering of clothes and bed linens are important in preventing the spread of enterobiasis, using cold water alone may not be sufficient. Washing clothes and bed linens in hot water (at a temperature of at least 60°C or 140°F) is recommended to kill any pinworm eggs that may be present.

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VATI PN Comprehensive Predictor 2020

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