ATI PN nursing care of children 2020 with NGN II
Total Questions : 63
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Question 1: View
A nurse is reinforcing teaching about accidental drowning with the parents of a toddler. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
Explanation
- Choice A: Teaching the child to swim does not eliminate the risk of accidental drowning. While swimming skills are important, they cannot guarantee that a child will not drown, especially if they are unsupervised or encounter an unexpected situation in the water.
- Choice B: An adult should indeed remain within arm's reach of the child when near water. This ensures that the adult can quickly react if the child is in distress. However, this does not eliminate the need for other safety measures, such as life jackets and swimming lessons.
- Choice C: It is not accurate to state that most incidents of accidental drowning occur in ponds or lakes. Drowning can occur in any body of water, including home swimming pools, bathtubs, and even small amounts of water if a child's face is submerged.
- Choice D: Placing a fence around a pool can significantly reduce the risk of accidental drowning by creating a physical barrier that prevents unsupervised access to the pool area by a child.
Question 2: View
A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a school-age child who was admitted for suspected physical maltreatment. Which of the following findings in the child's medical history should the nurse identify as a potential risk factor for physical maltreatment?
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Being adopted is not inherently a risk factor for physical maltreatment. It is essential to assess various factors in the child's environment and relationships.
Choice B reason:
Correct. Premature infants may face additional stressors and vulnerabilities, which can sometimes contribute to a higher risk of physical maltreatment. This is an important consideration in the assessment of suspected maltreatment.
Choice C reason:
Myopia (nearsightedness) is a visual impairment and is not directly associated with an increased risk of physical maltreatment.
Choice D reason:
Acute otitis media (ear infection) is a common childhood ailment and is not directly linked to an increased risk of physical maltreatment.
Question 3: View
A nurse is reviewing the medical records of a group of toddlers. The nurse should identify that which of the following conditions is a notifiable infectious disease?
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Roseola infantum is a common viral illness in infants and young children, but it is not considered a notifiable infectious disease.
Choice B reason:
Correct. Measles is a notifiable infectious disease. This means that healthcare providers are required to report any diagnosed cases to public health authorities due to its potential for outbreaks.
Choice C reason:
Fifth disease, caused by parvovirus B19, is typically a mild viral illness in children and is not classified as a notifiable infectious disease.
Choice D reason:
Scabies is a parasitic infestation, not an infectious disease. It is caused by the Sarcoptes scabiei mite and is not considered notifiable.
Question 4: View
A nurse is assisting with the care of a 2-month-old infant who has a subdural hematoma. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Explanation
Choice A reason:
A subdural hematoma may not directly affect the fontanels. Depressed fontanels can be a sign of dehydration or other underlying conditions, but they are not specifically associated with a subdural hematoma.
Choice B reason:
A subdural hematoma would not typically cause a decrease in body temperature. This finding may be related to other factors, but it is not a characteristic sign of a subdural hematoma.
Choice C reason:
Correct. A subdural hematoma is a collection of blood between the dura mater and the brain. This can lead to increased intracranial pressure and result in the infant being difficult to arouse.
Choice D reason:
While a weak cry can be an indication of distress or illness in an infant, it is not a specific sign of a subdural hematoma. Other assessments, including neurological signs, are crucial in evaluating the infant's condition.
Question 5: View
A nurse is collecting data from a school-age child who has Cushing's syndrome. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Hypersomnia (excessive sleepiness) is not a typical finding in Cushing's syndrome. Instead, children with Cushing's syndrome may experience insomnia or disrupted sleep patterns.
Choice B reason:
Hypotension (low blood pressure) is not a characteristic finding in Cushing's syndrome. Elevated blood pressure is more commonly associated with this condition.
Choice C reason:
Rapid weight loss is not a typical finding in Cushing's syndrome. Instead, children with Cushing's syndrome may experience weight gain, particularly in the face (moon face), abdomen, and upper back.
Choice D reason:
Correct. Rounded facial features, often referred to as "moon face," are a characteristic finding in children with Cushing's syndrome. This is due to the redistribution of fat in the body, particularly in the face and trunk.
Question 6: View
A nurse is collecting data from a 3-year-old child. Which of the following developmental milestones should the nurse expect the child to demonstrate?
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Using four words in a sentence is an appropriate developmental milestone for a 3-year-old child. By this age, children typically have a vocabulary that allows them to form short sentences and express themselves.
Choice B reason:
Tying shoelaces is a fine motor skill that is typically developed later, around 5-6 years of age.
Choice C reason:
Skipping on alternate feet is a gross motor skill that is typically developed around 4-5 years of age.
Choice D reason:
Naming the days of the week is a cognitive skill that is typically developed later, around 5-6 years of age. It involves not only memory but also an understanding of the concept of days and their order.
Question 7: View
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with the parents of a 2-month-old infant who has gastroesophageal reflux. The parents are feeding the infant formula. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Giving the infant a bottle immediately before bedtime can actually exacerbate gastroesophageal reflux, as lying down right after feeding can increase the likelihood of regurgitation.
Choice B reason:
Switching to a soy-based formula is not the first-line intervention for gastroesophageal reflux. Additionally, soy-based formulas are not recommended for all infants and should be used under specific circ*mstances.
Choice C reason:
This statement is correct. Keeping the infant at a 30° angle for 1 hour following each feeding can help reduce the likelihood of gastroesophageal reflux. This position helps gravity keep the stomach contents from flowing back up into the esophagus.
Choice D reason:
Limiting formula feedings to every 6 hours may not be appropriate for a 2-month-old infant, as they typically require more frequent feedings for proper growth and development.
Question 8: View
A nurse is caring for an 18-month-old toddler who has acute diarrhea caused by Clostridium difficile bacteria. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Using a bleach-based solution to clean the bedside table is an appropriate measure to prevent the spread of Clostridium difficile bacteria, as bleach is effective in killing spores.
Choice B reason:
While hand sanitizer is useful for killing many types of bacteria and viruses, it may not be as effective against Clostridium difficile spores. Washing hands with soap and water is preferred.
Choice C reason:
Placing the toddler in a negative-airflow room is not necessary for managing Clostridium difficile diarrhea. Standard precautions and proper hygiene are sufficient.
Choice D reason:
Loperamide is not typically recommended for managing Clostridium difficile diarrhea, as it may worsen the condition by slowing down the bowel motility. The primary treatment is discontinuing the antibiotic that caused the infection and, in some cases, using specific antibiotics to target the C. difficile bacteria.
Question 9: View
A nurse is assisting with obtaining informed consent from the parent of a toddler who is scheduled for a surgical procedure. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Providing detailed information about the procedure is important, but the first step in obtaining informed consent is to ensure that the parent understands the information. This can be achieved by assessing their understanding.
Choice B reason:
Discussing the benefits of the procedure is part of providing information for informed consent, but it should come after assessing the parent's understanding.
Choice C reason:
Explaining the risks associated with the procedure is important, but the first step is to ensure the parent comprehends this information, which can be achieved through assessment.
Choice D reason:
This statement is correct. Before proceeding with detailed information, it is essential to determine the parent's current understanding of the procedure to ensure they can make an informed decision.
Question 10: View
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a parent of a child who has a sprained wrist. Which of the following interventions should the nurse instruct the parent to implement during the first 12 to 24 hr to minimize swelling?
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Wrapping the extremity loosely with an elastic bandage may provide support but is not specifically aimed at reducing swelling.
Choice B reason:
Applying warm compresses can be beneficial for some types of injuries, but for a sprained wrist, cold compresses are more effective in reducing swelling.
Choice C reason:
This statement is correct. Elevating the extremity above the level of the heart helps to reduce swelling by promoting venous return and reducing blood flow to the affected area.
Choice D reason:
Encouraging active range of motion may be important for rehabilitation, but it is not the initial intervention for minimizing swelling in the first 12 to 24 hours after a sprain.
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